Visual Inspection Systems using boroscopes or endoscopes.

This is the oldest and most common form of NDE:
An enhanced inspection using boroscopes or endoscopes can be used to additional information.
this methode is a quick and economical method of detecting various types visual problems.
Often enhanced by other surface methods of optical inspection of a wide range of products.
About: fibers, most flexible metals and other visual systems.

Visual Inspection

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In medicine, titration is the process of gradually adjusting the dose of a medication until the desired effect is achieved.
Titration setup: the titrant drops from the burette into the analyte solution in the flask. An indicator present then changes color at the endpoint.Titration is a standard laboratory method of quantitative/chemical analysis which can be used to determine the concentration of a known reactant. Because volume measurements play a key role in titration, it is also known as volumetric analysis. A reagent, called the titrant, of known concentration (a standard solution) and volume is used to react with a measured quantity of reactant (Analyte). Using a calibrated burette to add the titrant, it is possible to determine the exact amount that has been consumed when the endpoint is reached. The endpoint is the point at which the titration is stopped. This is classically a point at which the number of moles of titrant is equal to the number of moles of analyte, or some multiple thereof (as in di- or tri- protic acids). In the classic strong acid-strong base titration the endpoint of a titration is when the pH of the reactant is just about equal to 7, and often when the solution permanently changes color due to an indicator. There are however many different types of titrations (see below).
Many methods can be used to indicate the endpoint of a reaction; titrations often use visual indicators (the reactant mixture changes colour). In simple acid-base titrations a pH indicator may be used, such as phenolphthalein, which turns (and stays) pink when a certain pH is reached or exceeded. Methyl orange can also be used, which is red in acids and yellow in alkalis. Due to the logarithmic nature of the pH curve, the transitions are generally extremely sharp, and thus a single drop of titrant just before the endpoint can change the pH by several points - leading to an immediate colour change in the indicator. That said, there is a slight difference between the change in indicator color and the actual equivalence point of the titration. This error is referred to as an indicator error, and it is indeterminate
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